水務公司(si)在日常抄表(biao)時發現(xian)A用戶本期水表讀數異常，向用戶告知該異常情況。經水務公司及A用戶排查，發現系A用戶家水表接入后的地下水管漏水。因水沒有漫至地面，A用戶平時也沒有核對水表碼數的習慣，直至水務公司按期抄表時才發現水量異常并通知用戶，致其兩個月產生水費數千元。

A用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)認為(wei)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)漏水(shui)(shui)是因為(wei)水(shui)(shui)務公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)在檢(jian)修供(gong)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)時對(dui)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)增壓導致的(de)，要求水(shui)(shui)務公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)免(mian)除水(shui)(shui)費并承(cheng)擔起(qi)更(geng)換管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)的(de)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)。水(shui)(shui)務公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)主張根據(ju)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)理(li)條例，計量水(shui)(shui)表表后水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)的(de)維修、管(guan)(guan)理(li)義(yi)務均是由用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)自己負責。用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)訴稱的(de)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)漏水(shui)(shui)部分屬于表后水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)，對(dui)表后水(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)的(de)檢(jian)查、維護及(ji)看管(guan)(guan)義(yi)務在用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)，相應(ying)責任也應(ying)由用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)自行承(cheng)擔，用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)要求水(shui)(shui)務公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)免(mian)除爆管(guan)(guan)產生(sheng)的(de)水(shui)(shui)費并承(cheng)擔用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)更(geng)換管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)的(de)費用(yong)(yong)(yong)，沒有任何(he)法律(lv)和事實依據(ju)。雙方溝(gou)通未果，A用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)(hu)對(dui)水(shui)(shui)務公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)(si)(si)提(ti)起(qi)訴訟。

【調(diao)查與處理】

法院(yuan)查(cha)明(ming)，水務公司在A用戶家水管破裂期間，未向其收取階梯水費費用，僅收取了基礎水費費用。本案根據誰主張、誰舉證原則，當事人對自己的主張應當提供充分的證據予以證實。管道漏水原因光憑口述或肉眼核實均無法確認，經法院數次釋明后，用戶均不同意進行相應鑒定，法院無法確定用戶家水管漏水原因，用戶對此承擔舉證不能的責任。綜上，用戶在本案中的全部訴訟請求，法院依法予以駁回。

【法律分析】

本(ben)案(an)系供用(yong)水合同糾紛，爭議焦點為A用戶能否向水務公司主張水費及管道更換費用的免除。

（一(yi)）用(yong)戶(hu)與水務公(gong)司是否(fou)存(cun)在供用(yong)水合(he)同關(guan)系

根(gen)據《民法(fa)典》第四百(bai)九十條(tiao)規定(ding)，當(dang)事(shi)人(ren)采用(yong)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)書(shu)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)訂立合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)的，自(zi)當(dang)事(shi)人(ren)均簽名、蓋章或(huo)者按(an)指印時(shi)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)成(cheng)立。在簽名、蓋章或(huo)者按(an)指印之(zhi)前，當(dang)事(shi)人(ren)一(yi)方(fang)已經履(lv)行主要(yao)義務(wu)，對(dui)(dui)方(fang)接(jie)受(shou)時(shi)，該合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)成(cheng)立。法(fa)律、行政(zheng)法(fa)規規定(ding)或(huo)者當(dang)事(shi)人(ren)約定(ding)合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)應當(dang)采用(yong)書(shu)面(mian)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)訂立，當(dang)事(shi)人(ren)未采用(yong)書(shu)面(mian)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)但是一(yi)方(fang)已經履(lv)行主要(yao)義務(wu)，對(dui)(dui)方(fang)接(jie)受(shou)時(shi)，該合(he)(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)成(cheng)立。

本案中，用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)與(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)務(wu)公(gong)司(si)未(wei)簽訂書面(mian)供(gong)(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)合同(tong)，但(dan)水(shui)(shui)(shui)務(wu)公(gong)司(si)當庭(ting)陳述其是(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)小區的供(gong)(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)公(gong)司(si)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)認(ren)可(ke)也(ye)提(ti)交了往期(qi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)費繳納清單。以上(shang)證據充(chong)分證明用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶(hu)存在(zai)合法用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)事(shi)實(shi)，雙方形成供(gong)(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)事(shi)實(shi)，供(gong)(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)合同(tong)示(shi)范文本相關條款的約定(ding)對雙方同(tong)樣生效(xiao)，雙方建立供(gong)(gong)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)合同(tong)關系。

（二）表前(qian)表后供用水設施(shi)的維養責任

根據(ju)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)條例規定，結算(suan)水(shui)(shui)表(biao)以前(qian)的(de)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)設(she)施（含結算(suan)水(shui)(shui)表(biao)及住(zhu)宅小(xiao)區居(ju)民(min)生活用水(shui)(shui)二(er)次(ci)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)設(she)施），由(you)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)企(qi)業負責維護和管理；結算(suan)水(shui)(shui)表(biao)以后的(de)供(gong)水(shui)(shui)設(she)施，由(you)產權(quan)人負責維護和管理。

本案(an)中，用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)主張水(shui)務(wu)公司未(wei)履行定期對供水(shui)設施檢(jian)查(cha)義(yi)務(wu)，造成(cheng)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)水(shui)管漏水(shui)而未(wei)被發(fa)(fa)現，由此產(chan)生(sheng)大量水(shui)費(fei)支出(chu)。根據法院查(cha)明的(de)事實(shi)，小(xiao)區內的(de)水(shui)管安(an)裝(zhuang)是開(kai)發(fa)(fa)商進行安(an)裝(zhuang)，用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)水(shui)量異常的(de)原(yuan)因(yin)是用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)結算水(shui)表(biao)至入戶(hu)(hu)管道破(po)裂漏水(shui)導致，破(po)裂的(de)水(shui)管在結算水(shui)表(biao)以后(hou)，屬于(yu)用(yong)戶(hu)(hu)自(zi)行維護和管理的(de)供水(shui)設施，而非水(shui)務(wu)公司維護管理范圍。

（三）水管爆裂的歸因

本案適(shi)用(yong)一般舉(ju)(ju)證(zheng)原則，即誰主(zhu)張(zhang)、誰舉(ju)(ju)證(zheng)原則，根據該原則，當事(shi)人(ren)對自己的(de)(de)主(zhu)張(zhang)應(ying)當提供(gong)充(chong)分的(de)(de)證(zheng)據證(zheng)實(shi)。本案中，用(yong)戶主(zhu)張(zhang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)爆裂原因系水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)務公司(si)對供(gong)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道增(zeng)壓(ya)所致(zhi)，但無法證(zheng)實(shi)其水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)爆裂與水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)務公司(si)的(de)(de)增(zeng)壓(ya)行為(wei)存(cun)在直接關聯。水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)務公司(si)在水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)量異常時間段(duan)是否對小區水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)道進(jin)行了增(zeng)壓(ya)不(bu)詳，即便增(zeng)壓(ya)屬實(shi)，用(yong)戶家的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)存(cun)在老化(hua)和進(jin)行了部(bu)分地(di)下水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)更換的(de)(de)客觀實(shi)際(ji)情況，漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)深埋地(di)下，漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)原因不(bu)詳，存(cun)在水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)或(huo)為(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)老化(hua)所致(zhi)，或(huo)為(wei)用(yong)戶所更換水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)安裝不(bu)合格(ge)以致(zhi)接口裂開，或(huo)為(wei)所更換水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)存(cun)在質量問題，或(huo)為(wei)水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)網增(zeng)壓(ya)，或(huo)為(wei)混合原因，這(zhe)些原因光憑口述或(huo)肉(rou)眼核實(shi)均無法確認(ren)，經法院(yuan)數次釋(shi)明，用(yong)戶均不(bu)同意進(jin)行相應(ying)鑒定，法院(yuan)無法確認(ren)用(yong)戶家水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)漏水(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)(shui)原因，用(yong)戶對此承擔舉(ju)(ju)證(zheng)不(bu)能的(de)(de)責任(ren)。

故，關(guan)于用(yong)戶家水管爆裂所產生的(de)水費和水管管道更換維修費用(yong)的(de)訴訟(song)請求，無(wu)事(shi)實(shi)和法律(lv)依據，法院(yuan)不予支(zhi)持。

綜上，用(yong)戶在本案中(zhong)的全部訴訟請求，法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)依法(fa)(fa)予(yu)以駁回。

【典型意義】

一、水務公司(si)意(yi)義

（一）供(gong)水公司對(dui)用(yong)戶水量異常承(cheng)擔的責任。

生活用水是每個(ge)人、每家每戶、每個(ge)企(qi)業或(huo)單位(wei)不(bu)可或(huo)缺的生活生產必用品,供水公司承擔著向社會提供符合要求的生活用水的義務,享有向廣大用戶收取水費的權利。在供水合同關系中,其在信息、技術、合同履行等方面處于優勢地位,應具備高度的公共服務意識與社會責任感。在發現用戶用水過量后的合理期間內應當盡到及時告知義務，否則導致水資源浪費的同時，也將對損失擴大部分喪失主張獲得支持的權利。

（二）表(biao)前表(biao)后供(gong)用水設施的管養責(ze)任(ren)。

根據供(gong)水(shui)(shui)條例規定(ding)，結算水(shui)(shui)表(biao)以前的供(gong)水(shui)(shui)設施（含結算水(shui)(shui)表(biao)及(ji)住宅小區居民生(sheng)活(huo)用水(shui)(shui)二(er)次供(gong)水(shui)(shui)設施），由供(gong)水(shui)(shui)企業負責維護和管(guan)理。供(gong)水(shui)(shui)公司應定(ding)期對(dui)表(biao)前供(gong)水(shui)(shui)管(guan)道進(jin)行排查，盡到(dao)管(guan)理責任，同時做好證據的收集和保存，避免己方承擔因舉證不能或不充分的法(fa)律后(hou)果。

二(er)、用(yong)水用(yong)戶意義

（一）發現用水量異常的處(chu)理。

及時(shi)發現用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)異(yi)常(chang)(chang)，不(bu)能僅依靠供(gong)水(shui)公司(si)(si)的(de)提醒，用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶在日常(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)時(shi)應(ying)多留意用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)設施(shi)的(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)狀況。如經常(chang)(chang)檢查水(shui)管接頭、水(shui)龍頭等用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)設施(shi)，對漏水(shui)問題做到及時(shi)發現、及時(shi)維修；收到供(gong)水(shui)公司(si)(si)水(shui)量異(yi)常(chang)(chang)的(de)通知，及時(shi)排查異(yi)常(chang)(chang)原因(yin)；定(ding)期(qi)查看水(shui)費賬單，關注自家用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)情況，及時(shi)掌(zhang)握用(yong)(yong)(yong)水(shui)有無異(yi)常(chang)(chang)等。以上做法都(dou)可避免自己產生(sheng)不(bu)必要的(de)損失。

（二）不繳納水費(fei)的法(fa)律后(hou)果。

用戶與供水(shui)(shui)公司簽訂的(de)供用水(shui)(shui)合(he)同，包含了用水(shui)(shui)基本信息、水(shui)(shui)費繳(jiao)納方(fang)式、雙(shuang)方(fang)權利(li)義務及違(wei)約責任等，內容不違(wei)反法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規及強(qiang)制性規定，對各(ge)方(fang)均具有法(fa)律(lv)效力(li)。

    用戶發生合法用水(shui)事實，未(wei)按照合同約定按時繳納水(shui)費的，視為(wei)違約，應(ying)當按照合同約定向供水(shui)公(gong)司支(zhi)付(fu)相應(ying)水(shui)費及違約金(jin)。

    用(yong)(yong)戶發生合(he)(he)法用(yong)(yong)水事實，且在供(gong)水公司通知簽訂供(gong)用(yong)(yong)水合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)后無(wu)故逾期不(bu)簽訂的，可視為雙方同(tong)(tong)意(yi)供(gong)水用(yong)(yong)水合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)示(shi)范(fan)文本相關約定，合(he)(he)同(tong)(tong)條(tiao)款同(tong)(tong)樣對雙方生效。

    根據(ju)法律規(gui)定，用(yong)戶(hu)在一(yi)定時間內不繳納水費，供水公司可以停止(zhi)向(xiang)用(yong)戶(hu)供水。

此外，根據(ju)珠海(hai)市社會(hui)信用(yong)體系建設工作要求，用(yong)戶用(yong)水欠(qian)費(fei)信息歸(gui)集上報到市社會(hui)信用(yong)平臺統一(yi)公示。

    綜上，用(yong)戶不及時繳納水(shui)費(fei)的，可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)產生違約金(jin)、面(mian)臨停(ting)水(shui)、甚至可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)影響個(ge)人征(zheng)信的后果，提醒(xing)用(yong)水(shui)居(ju)民朋友們一定要按時繳納水(shui)費(fei)。

附《珠海(hai)市供水(shui)用水(shui)管(guan)理條例》鏈接(jie)//www.zhuhai.gov.cn/xw/ztjj/yhyshjzc/bljzxk/content/post_2723472.html